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 Investing behavior benchmark vs. average U.S. investor
Source: “Quantitative Analysis of Investor Behavior, 2025,” DALBAR, Inc. and Edward Jones estimates. The average return per year is the annualized return for the past 30 years ending 12/31/2024, assuming a 65% allocation to stocks and a 35% allocation to bonds. To calculate the benchmark return, equity is represented by the S&P 500 TR USD Index and fixed income is represented by the Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond TR USD Index. An index is unmanaged, is not available for direct investment and is not meant to depict an actual investment. We assume reinvestment of interest and dividends back into the indexes. The average U.S. investor return assumes returns on equity and bonds equal to those of the average equity and fixed-income fund investors, respectively. To calculate the portfolio value, we assume an initial investment of $65,000 in equity and $35,000 in fixed income, rebalanced annually. Historic average annual returns incorporate the impact of compounding over time. For illustrative purposes only; this portfolio is not available for investment. Diversification and rebalancing do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss in a declining market. This study was conducted by an independent third party, DALBAR, Inc., a research firm specializing in financial services. DALBAR is not associated with Edward Jones. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Values rounded to the nearest $5,000.
 Chart showing investment periods
Source: FactSet and Edward Jones calculations. Best days are defined as the top percentage gains for the S&P 500 TR USD Index during the entire period. An index is unmanaged, not available for direct investment and not meant to depict an actual investment. We assume reinvestment of dividends into the index. Historic average annual returns incorporate the impact of compounding over time. Calculations do not include the impacts of trading, liquidity, costs, fees or taxes a client can experience when investing, which would lower performance results. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Values rounded to the nearest $5,000.
 Image shown above are business week cover
Source: Credit: BusinessWeek cover used with permission of Bloomberg L.P. Copyright © 2013. All rights reserved.
 Chart showing technology and stock market
Source: Morningstar Direct. Technology sector performance represented by the S&P 500 Information Technology TR USD Index. U.S. stocks performance represented by the S&P 500 TR USD Index. An index is unmanaged, not available for direct investment and not meant to depict an actual investment. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
 Bar chart compares the performance of
Source: Morningstar Direct. The 65% stocks/35% bonds portfolio is rebalanced at the beginning of each year. Stocks are represented by the S&P 500 TR USD Index. Bonds are represented by the Bloomberg US Aggregate TR USD Index. An index is unmanaged, not available for investment and not meant to depict an actual investment. We assume reinvestment of interest and dividends into the indexes. Investing in the previous year’s winner assumes that, at the beginning of the year, the entire portfolio is allocated to the asset class with the highest return in the previous year. Historic average annual returns incorporate the impact of compounding over time. Calculations do not include the impacts of trading, liquidity, costs, fees or taxes a client can experience when investing, which would lower performance results. For illustrative purposes only; not a portfolio available for investment. Diversification and rebalancing do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss in a declining market. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Values rounded to the nearest $5,000.
 S&P 500 monthly total returns
 Chart showing monthly investment value
Source: FactSet, Edward Jones calculations, 1/1/1926–12/31/2024. S&P 500 is represented by the S&P 500 TR USD Index and by the IA SBBI US Large Stock TR USD Index prior to 1988. Total return includes reinvested dividends. An index is unmanaged, not available for direct investment and not meant to depict an actual investment. Calculations do not include the impacts of trading, liquidity, costs, fees or taxes a client can experience when investing, which would lower performance results. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Values rounded to the nearest $5,000.
 Definitions of near-term, medium-term and long-term income

Important Information:

* Investing in equities involves risk. The value of your shares will fluctuate, and you may lose principal.

This information is for educational and illustrative purposes only and should not be interpreted as specific investment advice. Investors should make investment decisions based on their unique investment objectives and financial situation.

Investors should understand the risks involved in owning investments, including interest rate risk, credit risk and market risk. The value of investments fluctuates, and investors can lose some or all of their money.