What is a donor-advised fund

Learn how donor-advised funds like the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund can help you support the causes you care about while potentially receiving tax deductions for your contributions.

How does a donor-advised fund work?

A donor-advised fund, or DAF, is a vehicle for charitable giving that lets you make an irrevocable contribution to the fund, for which you receive an immediate tax deduction.

It is operated by a sponsor or sponsoring organization that invests and manages the donated assets.

DAFs have grown in popularity amid heightened interest in charitable giving. A recent report from the Giving USA Foundation reported that charitable giving in the United States reached a record $471 billion in 2020.

Donor-advised fund tax benefits

The main advantages of DAFs are that they offer a simple and convenient way to maximize charitable giving while receiving an upfront tax deduction.

Several other potential DAF tax-related benefits are worth noting:

• Front-loading your giving: If you plan to make consistent charitable contributions, you can use a DAF to “front-load” your charitable gifts by making the equivalent of multiple annual gifts in one year. This means you may be able to itemize your deductions and realize a larger deduction in the current tax year, and you can request a grant be made to the charities you support over subsequent years. Remember: You’ll receive the tax deduction in the year you contribute to the fund, not when the money is granted to the charity.
  
  This strategy may be beneficial if you have had an unusually high-income year when your marginal tax rate is also typically higher, so the benefits from charitable giving in those years would be greater than in subsequent, lower-income years. Similarly, you may want to consider giving now if you expect your taxable income to be lower in the future.
   
• Lowering capital gains: If you own investments that have significantly increased in value, contributing them to a charity or DAF allows you to avoid paying taxes on the capital gains. This means the charity receives more of the proceeds than if you were to sell the security and gift the after-tax proceeds. You can also take an income tax deduction for donations of securities.

Giving $100,000 of stock to charity with $90,000 of long-term capital gains.

This is an example of the difference between giving a stock to a DAF versus selling it for cash and how each affects capital gains tax and/or amount given to charity.

¹ Assumes 20% capital gains tax rate and no fluctuation in value.

A DAF has several other advantages beyond the potential tax benefits listed above:

• A DAF allows your contributions to be invested, providing an opportunity for the money you put toward your charitable gifts to grow over time, tax-free.
• These funds allow for joint or supervised charitable giving, which means you can pass along your values to your loved ones by sharing with them the principles of charitable giving. And naming your children or other people as successor advisers lets them continue making charitable gifts in your name after your death.
• A DAF can be a beneficiary of your will, trust, annuity, insurance contract, retirement plan or investment account.
• While family foundations offer more control over investment options, administration and granting, DAFs can offer many of the same benefits at a lower cost to set up and maintain.
• Some people may wish to maintain a close relationship with each charity they support, while others may find the resulting volume of solicitations undesirable. With a DAF, you can remain anonymous to the charities you support.
• A DAF lets you honor a loved one’s legacy in two ways: You can designate a grant to be made in memory of your loved one, or a new DAF can be set up in their memory for friends and family to make contributions.

 The Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund is a donor-advised fund offered by Edward Jones in conjunction with the Renaissance Charitable Foundation Inc. (Foundation), which manages and administers the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund. Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund offers donors the opportunity to make tax deductible, irrevocable charitable contributions to an individual DAF while retaining certain advisory privileges over the charitable purposes for which those contributions are ultimately used.

How much do I need to participate in the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund?

The minimum initial contribution to the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund is $10,000. As a donor, when you contribute cash or securities to a DAF, you’ll receive an immediate tax deduction. Any growth to the assets you contribute is tax-free.

Donors can contribute to the fund as often as they like and request that distributions be made to IRS-approved public charities of their choosing.

The Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund invests in actively managed mutual funds, passively managed ETFs and open−end index mutual funds from most major asset classes. Mutual funds and ETFs may also invest in additional asset classes, such as real estate investment trusts (REITs), natural resources, and emerging markets. The investments are managed according to the portfolio objectives you set with your financial advisor.

What should I consider when using donor-advised funds?

As outlined above, DAFs have several key benefits, but there are important trade-offs to consider, too:

• Contributions are irrevocable (once you contribute to the fund, you cannot access that money for anything other than charitable giving). Grants can only be made to IRS-approved charities.
• There are potential risks associated with the investments in the fund. Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund offers seven professionally managed portfolios ranging from conservative to more aggressive. You can invest in up to two of these portfolios to align to the expect time horizon and risk tolerance of your granting. Every portfolio will carry some risk of loss.
• While a DAF can be cost-effective and offers streamlined administration, using one restricts the range of investments available to you. Other giving strategies may offer greater control. See the chart below for a comparison of various giving strategies.
• While a DAF is a low-cost alternative to a private foundation, it still has investment management and other fees associated with it.

Understanding Donor Advised Funds versus private foundations

When choosing between a foundation and a donor advised fund, a few of the main considerations are administrative burden, cost, flexibility, and annual tax deduction limits.

^{2) The suggested amount is a good starting point for comparing giving options, but individual circumstances may require more or less than this amount.
3) Represents Edward Jones minimum. Other firms may have different minimums.
4) Estimated set up costs are for comparative purposes. Actual costs will vary based the size and complexity of charitable giving vehicle being established
5) Represents the median expense ratio of the largest 10,000 Foundations - Boris, E.T., Renz L., Barve A., Hager M., & Hobor G. (2006). Foundation Expenses & Compensation: How Operating Characteristics Influence Spending. Urban Institute, Foundation Center, & GuideStar}

Comparing donor-advised funds with other ways to give

This table explains how to contribute to a DAF along with other details about each option.

*The CARES Act increased this amount from 60% to 100% through 2021. In 2022, the limit you can deduct in any calendar year will revert to 60% with a five-year carry forward. These limits may be changed by law or regulation.

Additional considerations and rules:

• The minimum grant size is $250. A DAF may not be suitable if you wish to give smaller amounts.
• There is a delay when you request a grant and when it is given to a charity. Grants generally cannot be used for specific fundraising events.
• Large gifts may reduce your tax bracket to a point where it may be more advantageous to split them between multiple years. Work with your tax professional on potential multiyear tax planning.
• As with any strategy involving taxes, there is a potential for laws and tax rates to change, making the strategy less effective than expected.

How can I invest in a donor-advised fund?

The Edward Jones DAF is called the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund (PDF). Investing in DAFs typically follows the three-step progression summarized below:

^{Source: Edward Jones}

The purpose of this chart is to explain the donor-advised fund process. In the first step, a donor makes a contribution of cash or marketable securities to the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund. The money is invested based on your preferences, and any investment growth is tax-free. The donor recommends grants/distribution to charities you wish to support, when to support them and the amount you wish to give.

1. Contribute - A donor may make an irrevocable contribution of cash or marketable securities to the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund and receive an immediate charitable income tax deduction.
    
2. Advise -  The money in the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund is invested based on your preferences. Any investment growth is tax-free, expanding your charitable impact.
    
3. Recommend -  You recommend grants/distribution to the charities you wish to support, when to support them and the amount you wish to give. Your grants may go only to IRS-approved charities.

How Edward Jones can help

If you’re interested in learning more about how the Edward Jones Charitable Gift Fund can help you fulfill your charitable giving goals, reach out to an Edward Jones financial advisor for a discussion today.

This content should not be depended upon for other than broadly informational purposes. Edward Jones, its employees and financial advisors cannot provide tax or legal advice. You should consult your attorney or qualified tax advisor regarding your situation.

Donor-Advised Fund FAQs

How long can money stay in a donor-advised fund?

Money can stay in a donor-advised fund for as long as the donor wants. When they're ready, the donor can use money from the fund.

What is the 5-year rule for donor-advised funds?

Contributions of securities are immediately tax-deductible in the year they are made to a donor-advised fund. If total deductions exceed 30% of the donor's adjusted gross income (AGI). Excess deductions can be carried forward for five years.

Can you inherit a donor-advised fund?

Yes, donors can appoint a successor, or multiple successors, for a donor-advised fund.

What happens to a DAF when a donor dies?

If the donor selected a successor before their death, the donor-advised fund transfers to the successor. In some cases, the fund can be broken into multiple donor-advised funds.